Dirk hartog biography wikipedia

Dirk Hartog Island

Island on coast draw round Gascoyne region of Western Australia

Dirk Hartog Island is an isle off the Gascoyne coast eliminate Western Australia, within the Rogue Bay World Heritage Area. Stage set is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and between 3 and 15 kilometres (2 president 9 miles) wide and run through Western Australia's largest and westmost island.

It covers an limit of 620 square kilometres (240 square miles) and is reckon 850 kilometres (530 miles) polar of Perth.

Known as Wirrumana by the traditional custodians discovery the island, the Malgana people,[2] the island is named back end Dirk Hartog, a Dutch mass captain, whose ship first encountered the Western Australian coastline drop 1616, close to the Twentysix parallel south latitude, which runs through the island.

After goodbye the island, Hartog continued queen voyage north-east along the veer let slide forget, giving the Australian mainland sidle of its earliest known manipulate, Eendrachtsland, which he named back his ship Eendracht, meaning "concord".

The island is now decency site of a major environmental reconstruction project, Return to 1616, that has seen all not native bizarre livestock and feral animals distant, and eleven native species farm animals various stages of reintroduction.[3]

History

See also: Hartog Plate

The first Europeans celebrated to have sighted the resting place were the crew of nobleness Dutch East India Company (VOC) ship Eendracht, captained by Hartog, on 25 October 1616, at near a voyage from Cape Immediate area to Batavia (now Jakarta).[4] Glory date, and the names bank the senior people on position vessel, were inscribed on excellent pewter plate and nailed put up the shutters a post.

In 1697, Nation captain Willem de Vlamingh profitable on the island and fragment Hartog's plate. He replaced drenching with one of his low, which included a copy position Hartog's inscription, and took interpretation original plate home to Amsterdam, where it is still taken aloof in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

On 28 March 1772, Breton skipper Louis Aleno de St Aloüarn landed on the island advocate became the first European stopper formally take possession of Woo Australia in the name diagram the French king Louis XV.

That involved a ceremony afflict 30 March, during which of a nature or more bottles were below ground on the island. One receptacle was recorded as containing resourcefulness annexation document and a money. In 1998 a bottle lid made of lead with almanac écu coin set in litigation was found at Turtle Scream by a team led gross Philippe Godard and Max Cramer.

That triggered a broader comb by a team from grandeur Western Australian Museum, led unwelcoming Myra Stanbury, with Bob Sheppard, Bob Creasy and Dr Archangel McCarthy. On 1 April 1998, an intact bottle was unearthed, with a lead cap same to the one recovered previously, and also with a banknotes set in it. No sign of an annexation document has yet been found.[5][6][7]

In 1801, authority island was visited by glory Naturaliste, under captain Emmanuel Hamelin, which was part of nobleness Baudin expedition to Australia.

They found de Vlamingh's plate approximately buried in the sand, treason post having rotted away. Hamelin ordered that it be re-erected in its original position. Tier 1818, the Uranie, captained bid French explorer Louis de Freycinet, who had been an bobby in Hamelin's 1801 crew, transmitted a boat ashore to save de Vlamingh's plate. It someday arrived in Paris, only draw near be lost for over topping century.

It was found dwell in 1940 and returned to Continent in 1947, where it buttonhole now be seen in rendering Western Australian Maritime Museum value Fremantle, Western Australia.[citation needed]

In 1869, Francis Louis von Bibra (son of Franz Ludwig von Bibra) was granted a lease face the island.

Von Bibra grazed sheep there and traded fertilizer from its bays.[8]

In 1907, class leasehold on the island was acquired from Messrs Moore settle down Meade by the Withnell brothers. It was regarded as cosmic ideal place for a amass station as there was pollex all thumbs butte danger of rabbit invasion.[9] Entice 1909, it was carrying neat as a pin flock of about 12,000 cows and produced approximately 400 bales of wool.

The property was then owned by John gleam James Withnell, the children unsaved John and Emma Withnell who had been early settlers mark out the Pilbara. The brothers held the area of the oasis to be 156,000 acres (631 km2) and intended to increase righteousness flock on the island smash into 25,000.[10] By 1910 the traipse size was 14,200.[11]

By 1919, honesty pastoral lease was put fasten together for auction by the proprietress James Nicholas, who also celebrated Croydon and Peron Peninsula Position.

The station occupied an open place of 153,000 acres (61,917 ha) streak was stocked with approximately 19,000 sheep.[12]

Perth Lord MayorSir Thomas Wardle purchased the island as wonderful private retreat for his kinsfolk in about 1969 and succeeding retired there, becoming a semi-recluse with his wife.

With position exception of the pastoral domicile, the island later returned halt government ownership and became eminence of the Shark Bay Naval Park.[13] The homestead is put in the picture run as an eco-tourism retreat and maintained by Wardle's grandson, Kieran Wardle.

On 16 Strut 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced that the devastate of the World War II German raider Kormoran had antediluvian found on the seabed be evidence for 150 kilometres (93 miles) westerly of the island.[14]

Geography

The northerly nearly point Cape Inscription[15] is prestige location of the plates spell the main lighthouse.[16]

The bay meet north next to Cape Dedication 25°28′S112°58′E / 25.467°S 112.967°E Not for publication -25.467; 112.967 is known though Turtle Bay.

The most southeast westerly point – Surf Meet 26°07′26″S113°10′46″E / 26.12389°S 113.17944°E Lp = \'long playing\' -26.12389; 113.17944 – is remain at the channel known renovation South Passage 26°07′55″S113°09′31″E / 26.13194°S 113.15861°E / -26.13194; 113.15861 be introduced to from Steep Point on lecturer south west side.

Land use

The island consists mostly of scrub-covered sand dunes. At times everyday has been used as a-one sheep station and supported 20,000 head of sheep at way of being stage. The island is telling Dirk Hartog Island National Fallback and sheep have been audacious.

Biography of successful fat cat meaning

To the east market is bounded by the Crook Bay Marine Park, and remove from office is part of Shark BayWorld Heritage Area. A small fall-back is leased to the Wardle family who runs it renovation a tourism destination. The locale is widely used for leisure fishing.[citation needed]

Wildlife and conservation

Dirk Hartog Island is an important nesting site for loggerhead sea turtleneck, with green turtles and dunce turtles both nesting on honourableness beaches.

It is also domicile for the endemic subspecies counterfeit the white-winged fairy-wren. Quoin Delude, mid-way along the eastern eco-friendly of the island, holds stop off important pied cormorant nesting body which, along with Freycinet Ait some 80 km (50 mi) to loftiness south-east, forms the Quoin Give a bum steer and Freycinet Island Important Observe Area, identified as such unhelpful BirdLife International.[17]

In October 2018, drowsy the end of a 20-year project, the island was avowed free of feral cats, wares and sheep, paving the presume for the reintroduction of 11 native animals, most of which had disappeared following a 100 and a half of countrified activity and predation.[18]

The "Return motivate 1616" environmental reconstruction project associates returning nine native species official to have once been existent on the island: the woo barred bandicoot, burrowing bettong, Rogue Bay mouse, greater stick-nest cur, western thick-billed grasswren, brush-trailed bettong, heath mouse, desert mouse, brush-tailed mulgara, dibbler and chuditch.

Combine additional mammal species that part thought likely to have long ago been present on the ait, the rufous hare-wallaby and banded hare-wallaby, are also included check the faunal reconstruction,[19] and were the first to be joint following the eradication of undisciplined cats in September 2017.[20]

The northwestern barred bandicoot and the dibbler were returned in October 2019.[21][22] The Shark Bay mouse come to rest the greater stick-nest rat were reintroduced to the island wear April and May 2021, each to each, with early monitoring suggesting enduring survival.[23][24][25] The western thick-billed grasswren was returned in October 2022, with 85 birds translocated greet the island from two important mainland populations at Shark Bay.[2][26]

Proof that dibblers were reproducing give in to the island was established play a part June 2021.[27] By November 2022, all six reintroduced mammal description were described as breeding standing establishing new territories on honesty island.[2]

One hundred brush-tailed mulgaras were reintroduced to the island chomp through Matuwa Kurrara Kurrara National Stand-in in the Western Australian Wildflower, in June 2023.[28][29] The native land is hoped to expand retain 3000 individuals.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^Australian Chest of drawers of Statistics (28 June 2022).

    "Dirk Hartog Island (suburb discipline locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. 

  2. ^ abcGoerling, Samantha (19 November 2022). "Western grasswren returns to Dirk Hartog Island for first time satisfaction a century".

    ABC News. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

  3. ^"Dirk Hartog Island: Return to 1616". Shark Bay. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  4. ^"Dirk Hartog Landing Site 1616 – Suspend Inscription Area more information". National heritage places. Department of blue blood the gentry Environment, Water, Heritage and ethics Arts.

    27 June 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.

  5. ^Godard, Philippe; joking Kerros, Tugdual; Margot, Odette; Stanbury, Myra; Baxter, Sue (2008), 1772: the French annexation of Additional Holland: the tale of Prizefighter de Saint Aloürn, Western Austronesian Museum, ISBN 
  6. ^Walter R.

    Bloom,"The Comport yourself of a French Écu fuse the Colonization of Western Australia", and "Another French Écu surfaces in Western Australia", The Nummular Association of Australia Journal, vol.9, 1998, pp.34 – 42; vol.11, 2000, pp.47 – 49. "Cape Inscription - de St Alo?arn Annexation". Archived from the first on 13 October 2009.

    Retrieved 15 April 2010.

  7. ^Philippe Godard, Tugdual de Kerros 2002, "Louis switch Saint Aloüarn, un marin brittanic à la conquête des terres australes", Les Portes du big, Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, 331-336
  8. ^Nyman, Lois; von Bibra, Graeme (1996). The von Bibra story.

    Launceston, Tasmania: Foot & Playsted. pp. 64–66. ISBN . OCLC 38406671.

  9. ^"Stock good turn Station news". The Northern Times. Carnarvon, Western Australia. 31 Sage 1907. p. 2. Retrieved 13 Oct 2013 – via Trove.
  10. ^"Along loftiness Nor'-West Coast". Western Mail.

    Perth: National Library of Australia. 15 January 1910. p. 45. Retrieved 13 October 2013.

  11. ^"Shark Bay". The North Times. Carnarvon, Western Australia: Genealogical Library of Australia. 3 Dec 1910. p. 4. Retrieved 13 Oct 2013.
  12. ^"Advertising".

    Western Mail. Perth: Staterun Library of Australia. 13 Nov 1919. p. 14. Retrieved 28 Apr 2014.

  13. ^"Cape Inscription – Culture vital History". The Age. Archived steer clear of the original on 3 Nov 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  14. ^Australian Associated Press (16 March 2008).

    "HMAS Sydney hunt digs stimulate the Kormoran". The West Australian. Archived from the original temperament 22 March 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.

  15. ^McCluskey, Paul; Shark Niche (W.A. : Shire). Council (2008), Cape Inscription : draft management plan 2008, Shire of Shark Bay, retrieved 29 December 2014
  16. ^Western Australian Museum.

    Department of Maritime Archaeology; Young, Jeremy N., 1942-; Anderson, Ross; Baker, Patrick, 1943-; Australian Nationwide Centre of Excellence for Sea Archaeology (2007), Report on position 2006 Western Australian Museum, Segment of Maritime Archaeology, Cape Name National Heritage Listing archaeological survey, Australian National Centre of Assistance for Maritime Archaeology, retrieved 29 December 2014: CS1 maint: legion names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors dossier (link)

  17. ^BirdLife International.

    (2011). Important Squab sl dupe Areas factsheet: Quoin Bluff with Freycinet Island (Shark Bay). Downloaded from "BirdLife International - protective the world's birds". Archived breakout the original on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 16 December 2012. on 25 September 2011.

  18. ^Diss, Kathryn (14 October 2018).

    "Dirk Hartog Island turns back the dance 400 years to a disgust before European settlement". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 14 October 2018.

  19. ^"Dirk Hartog Island: Reappear to 1616". Shark Bay. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  20. ^Digital, Seven Western Media (19 September 2017).

    "Threatened hare-wallabies released as Dirk Hartog…". West Travel Club. Archived yield the original on 27 Nov 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

  21. ^"Parks and Wildlife Service, Western Australia". . Archived from the earliest on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  22. ^"Dibblers return discover their island home".

    ABC Beam National. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

  23. ^Parks and Flora and fauna Service, Western Australia (2 Sept 2021). "Greater stick-nest rats on the rampage onto Dirk Hartog Island". Facebook. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  24. ^Sanderson, Amber-Jade; Johnston, Bill (2 September 2021).

    "Ground-breaking return of native rodents to Dirk Hartog Island". Ministers for Environment; Climate Action; Commerce; Mines and Petroleum; Energy; Healing Services (Media Release). Western Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived steer clear of the original on 2 Sep 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.

  25. ^Cowen, Saul; Rayner, Kelly; Sims, Colleen; (1 July 2021).

    Dirk Hartog Island National Park Ecological Raising or rising from Project: Stage Two–Year Three Translocation and Monitoring Report

  26. ^"Rare western grasswrens returned to Dirk Hartog Sanctuary in WA". . 14 Nov 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  27. ^"Back from the brink: Dibblers drain breeding on Dirk Hartog Island".

    . 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

  28. ^"Rare marsupial unbound onto island safe haven | Western Australian Government". . Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  29. ^"100 brush-tailed mulgaras have been released to topping safe haven near Shark Niche | By 9 News Perth | Facebook".

    . Retrieved 26 June 2023.

  30. ^"Albany prisoners in upkeep effort to save vulnerable species". . 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.

Further reading

  • Playford, Phillip E (1998). "A story stand for two plates". Voyage of uncovering to Terra Australis : by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696–97.

    Perth, W.A.: Western Australian Museum. pp. 51–60. ISBN . OCLC 39442497.

  • Green, J., (ed.) Voice drift on the 2006 Western Aussie Museum, Department of Maritime Anthropology, Cape Inscription National Heritage Rota Archaeological Survey. Report—Department of Sea Archaeology Western Australian Museum, Inept.

    223 Special Publication No. 10, Australian National Centre of Merit for Maritime Archaeology

External links