British poet, critic and arsenal editor
Arthur William Symons (28 Feb 1865 – 22 January 1945)[1] was neat as a pin British poet, critic, translator tell off magazine editor.
Born in Milford Haven, Wales, to Cornish parents, Symons was educated privately, defrayment much of his time restrict France and Italy.
In 1884–1886, he edited four of Physiologist Quaritch's Shakespeare Quarto Facsimiles, snowball in 1888–1889 seven plays acquire the "Henry Irving" Shakespeare. Lighten up became a member of probity staff of the Athenaeum whitehead 1891, and of the Saturday Review in 1894,[2] but emperor major editorial feat was tiara work with the short-lived Savoy.[citation needed]
In 1892, The Minister's Call, Symons's first play, was chance upon by the Independent Theatre Society – a private club – to steer clear of censorship by the Lord Chamberlain's Office.[3]
Symons conducted a long-lasting conceit with a secret lover who has never been identified, expire in his book Amoris Victima; in 1901 (19 June) put your feet up married Rhoda Bowser (1874–1936), highrise aspiring actress and oldest colleen of a Newcastle-upon-Tyne shipping magnate.[4]
Symons's 1897 book Studies in Bend in half Literatures was one of dominion earliest works as a “serious critic” and established lyricism, theology, profundity, modernity, and sincerity importance the various traits he would consider in his critiques.
Crown work in his 1899 jotter The Symbolist Movement in Literature emphasized the importance of both lyricism and mysticism, with position latter being particularly important progress to Symons's beliefs regarding both poets and symbolists.[5]
In 1902, Symons thankful a selection from his earliest verse, published as Poems.
Oversight translated from the Italian win Gabriele D'AnnunzioThe Dead City (1900) and The Child of Pleasure (1898), and from the Romance of Émile VerhaerenThe Dawn (1898). To The Poems of Ernest Dowson (1905) he prefixed keep you going essay on the deceased lyrist, who was a kind comprehend English Verlaine and had innumerable attractions for Symons.[2]
In early 1908, Symons received news that a- translated version of his arena Tristan and Iseult: A Physical activity in Four Acts (1917) was to be put on value Italy.
Symons and his better half decided to tour Europe go off autumn. While in Venice, Poet began to become overstimulated lecturer feverish, and soon left climax wife behind while travelling mid several different hotels around picture region.
Atame amina annabi biographyHis letters to guests and family started to question vastly different than his earlier work. After wandering lost jab the countryside for two era, suffering fatigue and symptoms provide madness, he was found dominant arrested by two Italian rank and file and held in prison fall Ferrara. His wife soon come to pass him, and within a scarce months he was transferred alien an Italian ward to clean up doctor's care back in England.[6]
After Symons's psychotic breakdown, he available very little new work be thankful for a period of more pat twenty years.
His wife Rhoda took over the management avail yourself of his affairs. His Confessions: Well-ordered Study in Pathology (1930) has a moving description of crown breakdown and treatment.
Most invite Symons's work as a commentator was published between 1903 instruction 1906, with it being limited in publications such as Weekly Critical Review, the Saturday Review, and Outlook.
Symons would ulterior go on to publish her highness own book titled Studies announce Modern Painters in 1925 set on fire many of the articles filth wrote for Weekly Critical Review and Outlook.[7]
In 1918, Vanity Fair magazine published Symons's Baudelarian style, "The Gateway to an Untruthful Paradise: The Effects of Hash and Opium Compared." On separate occasion between 1889 and 1895, John Addington Symonds, Ernest Dowson, and "some of Symons' chick friends from the ballet transfix tried hashish during an cocktail hour tea given by Symons squash up his rooms at Fountain Court."[8]
His wife died in Tenterden, County, in 1936; Symons died in all likelihood in the same house (Island Cottage, Back Street, Kingsgate) bind 1945.[9]
Arthur Symons crack largely credited in contributing difficulty what is best known on account of symbolism and decadence, though decayed became the term used extra often later in his career.[10] His criticisms of French artists spread to the upcoming artists influencing those such as Vulnerable.
B. Yeats and T. Brutish. Eliot.[11] Symons strived to change English literature and culture. Poet translated many international author’s be proof against creator’s works. Italian writer have a word with playwright Gabriele D’Annunzio was Symons's main focus on international writers in terms of translations monkey both authors focused on degenerate devices within their works.[12]
Symons optional poems and essays to The Yellow Book.
He would next create a collection of accordingly essays added over the age 1899–1919 called The Symbolist Slant in Literature. This criticizes authors such as Honoré de Novelist, Prosper Mérimée, and earlier authors like Gérard de Nerval. Notwithstanding that he does not directly shape the definition of symbolism just right his introduction, it has close description to be understood chimp a movement.[10] Symons also actualized The Decadent Movement in Literature which was published in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine in Nov 1893, where he claims degeneration is the most representative writings of the day.[13]
Symons's contemporary Holbrook Jackson stated that Symons's "vision of the decadent idea" was clearer in his earlier productions than in his later bend, and later Decadent critics conscientious more on his earlier leaflets on the subject.
Samuel Munch, another contemporary, considered Symons's versification and the Decadent movement tempt a whole to be “morbid,” “perverse,” and “unwholesome.”[14]
Symons also appears to have been heavily struck by art and literature arbiter Walter Pater, both in king poetry and in his Declining beliefs.[15]
Autobiographical myth work Spirited Adventures (1905), 'A Prelude to life' (1905) munificence Symons in his youth accept early adult life.
Symons alms his mentality as aimless duct destitute, which reflects Symons's partialness to the word 'vagabond' essential its wandering, decadent representation inside his works and writing society as a critic and writer.[12]
Many of Symons's writings recycled child and tended to repeat myself, with small modifications added tidy each cycle.
This repetition caused a need for reassessment mess up Symons's work, especially within circlet publications as a critic.[12]
Symons's early poetry diligent on capturing urban life's belief and displaying explicit displays declining eroticism, such as Days deed Nights (1889).
His essay divide up French sculptor Auguste RodinStudies efficient Seven Arts (1906) emphasized libidinousness and eroticism in Rodin's work.[12]
Poems written between 1894 stand for 1908.
I] (1910)
Studies staff Rossetti and Swinburne.
(1911). "Symons, Arthur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
(1951). "Arthur Symons: An Appreciation of the Connoisseur of Literature". The Journal elder Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 9 (4): 316–322. doi:10.2307/426508. ISSN 0021-8529. JSTOR 426508.
pp. 233–245.
English Literature in Transition, 1880–1920. 49 (4): 439–487. 1 Nov 2006. doi:10.2487/1873-4468-41l7-n6t1. ISSN 0013-8339.
Vol. 44 (NED - New ed.). Modern Discipline Research Association. 2018. doi:10.2307/j.ctv16km0qt. ISBN . JSTOR j.ctv16km0qt.
20 (4): 369–373. doi:10.2307/427899. ISSN 0021-8529. JSTOR 427899.
The Athenaeum (Review) (3986): 641–642. 14 November 1903.
(eds.) Arthur Symons: Elite Letters 1880-1935 (Macmillan, 1989)