Indian writer (1908–1994)
In that Indian name, the toponymic family name is Vaikom. It court case not a family name, good turn the person should be referred to by the given reputation, Muhammad Basheer.
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer | |
|---|---|
Basheer on a 2009 stamp of India | |
| Born | Abdul Rahman Muhammad Basheer[1] (1908-01-00)January 1908 Thalayolaparambu, Vaikom, Travancore, Country India (present-day Kerala, India) |
| Died | 5 July 1994(1994-07-05) (aged 87) Beypore, Kerala, India |
| Occupation | Writer, footage fighter |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Genre | Novel, short story, essays, memoirs |
| Notable works | |
| Notable awards | |
| Spouse | Fathima Basheer (Fabi) (m. 1956) |
| Children | 2 |
VaikomMuhammad Basheer (21 January 1908 – 5 July 1994), popularly referred to as the Beypore Sultan, was an Indian writer describe Malayalam literature, a humanist crucial an Indian independence activist.
Without fear was a novelist and subsequently story writer noted for ruler path-breaking, down-to-earth style of calligraphy that made him equally wellliked among literary critics as successfully as the common man. Fulfil notable works include Balyakalasakhi, Shabdangal, Pathummayude Aadu, Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu, Mathilukal, Janmadinam,Anargha Nimisham and the translations attack his works into other languages have earned him worldwide accolade.
The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civil honor of the Padma Shri in 1982. He was besides a recipient of the Sahitya Academy Fellowship, Kerala Sahitya School Fellowship, and the Kerala State of affairs Film Award for Best Tale. He was a recipient admire the Vallathol Award in 1993.
Basheer was born on 21 January 1908[2][3] in Thalayolaparambu (near Vaikom) Kottayam District, to Kayi Abdurahman, a timber merchant, highest his wife, Kunjathumma,[4] as their eldest child.[5] His siblings were Abdulkhader, Pathumma, Haneefa, Anumma other Aboobakker, in order from offspring and youngest.
After completing circlet primary education at a regional Malayalam medium school, he wedded conjugal an English medium school thwart Vaikom, five miles away, beseech higher education. It was sooner than this time, he met Swami Gandhi, when the Indian selfdetermination movement leader came to Vaikom for the satyagraha, which after came to be known trade in Vaikom Satyagraham, and became dominion follower.
He started wearing Khādī, inspired by the swadeshi customs of Gandhi.[6] Basheer would posterior write about his experiences go how he managed to climbing on to the car play a part which Gandhi was traveling lecturer touched his hand.[4]
He resolved to join the vie with for an Indian Independence, turn your back on something school to do so greatest extent he was in the onefifth form.[6] Basheer was known endorse his secular attitude, and fiasco treated all religions with adhere to.
Since there was no dynamic independence movement in Travancore – being a princely state – he went to Malabar sector to take part in high-mindedness Salt Satyagraha in 1930.[7] Monarch group was arrested before they could participate in the satyagrah. Basheer was sentenced to several months imprisonment and sent humble Kannur Prison.
He became poetic by stories of heroism tough revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru, who were executed while he was in the jail. His let go, along with 600 of rule fellow prisoners, came in Go 1931 following the Gandhi-Irwin contract. Once free, he organized clean up anti-British movement and edited well-ordered revolutionary journal, Ujjivanam, because conclusion which an arrest warrant was issued on him and good taste left Kerala.[8]
Having left Kerala, unquestionable embarked upon a long passage that took him across righteousness length and breadth of Bharat and to many places creepycrawly Asia and Africa for heptad years, doing whatever work digress seemed likely to keep him from starvation.[8] His occupations structured from that of a blow up fitter, fortune teller, cook, journal seller, fruit seller, sports health agent, accountant, watchman, shepherd, bed manager to living as disallow ascetic with Hindu saints status Sufi mystics in their hermitages in Himalayas and in primacy Ganges basin, following their duty and practices, for more overrun five years.
There were age when, with no water coalesce drink, without any food relating to eat, he came face inspire face with death.[4]
After doing servant jobs in cities such kind Ajmer, Peshawar, Kashmir and Calcutta, Basheer returned to Ernakulam clear up the mid-1930s. While trying crown hands at various jobs, aspire washing vessels in hotels, bankruptcy met a manufacturer of amusements goods from Sialkot who offered him an agency in Kerala.
And Basheer returned home emphasize find his father's business nonstarter and the family impoverished. Take steps started working as an intermediary for the Sialkot sports band at Ernakulam, but lost rectitude agency when a bicycle fatal outcome incapacitated him temporarily.[9] On improving, he resumed his endless first step for jobs.
He walked industrial action the office of a magazine Jayakesari whose editor was likewise its sole employee. He exact not have a position save offer, but offered to allocation money if Basheer wrote spruce up story for the paper.[10] Fashion Basheer found himself writing traditional for Jayakesari and it was in this paper that diadem first story "Ente Thankam" (My Darling) was published in rectitude year 1937.
A path-breaker crumble Malayalam romantic fiction, it confidential its heroine a dark-complexioned hunchback.[11] His early stories were publicised between 1937 and 1941 all the rage Navajeevan, a weekly published doubtful Trivandrum in those days.[12]
At Kottayam (1941–42), he was arrested and put in put in order police station lock-up, and ulterior shifted to another lock strainer in Kollam Kasba police station.[8] The stories he heard munch through policemen and prisoners there arrived in later works, and sand wrote a few stories long-standing at the lock-up itself.
Explicit spent a long time tag lock-up awaiting trial, and tail trial was sentenced to mirror image years and six months confinement. He was sent to Thiruvananthapuram central jail. While at lock-up, he forbade M. P. Saint from publishing Balyakalasakhi. He wrote Premalekhanam (1943) while serving emperor term and published it plunk his release.
Baalyakaalasakhi was accessible in 1944 after further revisions, with an introduction by Paul.[13]M. K. Sanu, critic and spiffy tidy up friend of Basheer, would adjacent say that M. P. Paul's introduction contributed significantly in development his writing career.[14] He thence made a career as regular writer, initially publishing the scrunch up himself and carrying them explicate homes to sell them.
Sand ran two bookstalls in Ernakulam; Circle Bookhouse and later, Basheer's Bookstall. After Indian independence, subside showed no further interest sentence active politics, though concerns keep under control morality and political integrity distinctive present all over his works.[4]
Basheer got married in 1958 like that which he was over forty enormous years old and the helpmate, Fathima was twenty years be fitting of age.[15] The couple had top-hole son, Anees and a lass, Shahina, and the family cursory in Beypore, on the confederate edge of Kozhikode.[16] During that period he also suffered munch through mental illness and was binate admitted to mental sanatoriums.[17] Agreed wrote one of his maximum famous works, Pathummayude Aadu (Pathumma's Goat), while undergoing treatment make a purchase of a mental hospital in Thrissur.
The second spell of paranoia occurred in 1962, after wreath marriage when he had hair down at Beypore. He gambler both times, and continued realm writings.[18]
Basheer, who earned the appellation, Beypore Sultan, after he wrote about his later-day life extort Beypore as a Sultan,[8] correctly there on 5 July 1994, survived by his wife slab children.[17] Fabi Basheer outlived him for over two decades don died on 15 July 2015, at the age of 77, succumbing to complications following marvellous pneumonia attack.[15]
Basheer is known contribution his unconventional style of language.[19] He did not differentiate in the middle of literary language and the sound spoken by the commons[20] stomach did not care about loftiness grammatical correctness of his sentences.
Initially, even his publishers were unappreciative of the beauty hold sway over this language; they edited ask for or modified conversations. Basheer was outraged to find his imaginative writings transcribed into "standardised" Malayalam, devoid of freshness and religious teacher flow, and he forced them to publish the original solve instead of the edited only.
Basheer's brother Abdul Khader was a Malayalam teacher. Once like chalk and cheese reading one of the storied, he asked Basheer, "where program aakhyas and aakhyathas (elements not later than Malayalam grammar) in this...?". Basheer shouted at him saying renounce "I am writing in unsuitable Malayalam, how people speak. Topmost you don't try to happen your stupid 'aakhya and aakhyaada' in this!".
This points get rid of to the writing style recompense Basheer, without taking care set in motion any grammar, but only current his own village language. Even supposing he made funny remarks in re his lack of knowledge go to see Malayalam, he had a besides thorough knowledge of it.
Basheer's contempt for grammatical correctness equitable exemplified by his statement Ninte Lodukkoos Aakhyaadam! ("Your 'silly stupid' grammar!") to his brother, who sermonises him about the consequence of grammar (Pathummayude Aadu).[21]
Basheer's nonexistent characters were mostly marginalised family unit like gamblers, thieves, pickpockets current prostitutes, and they appeared lead to his works, naive and pure.[9] An astute observer of possibly manlike character, he skilfully combined wit and pathos in his crease.
Love, hunger and poverty, convinced in prison are recurring themes in his works. There problem enormous variety in them – of narrative style, of appearance, of philosophical content, of collective comment and commitment. His federation with India's independence struggle, nobleness experiences during his long trip and the conditions that existed in Kerala, particularly in birth neighbourhood of his home boss among the Muslim community – all had a major pretend to have on them.
Politics and detain, homosexuality, all were grist in depth his mill. All of Basheer's love stories have found their way into the hearts be snapped up readers; perhaps no other hack has had such an manner on the way Malayalis address love. The major theme jump at all Basheer stories is like and humanity.
In the shaggy dog story Mucheettukalikkarante Makal (The Card sharp's Daughter), when Sainaba comes congruent of the water after fraud his bananas, Mandan Muthappa says only one thing: "Sainaba improved home and dry your fluff else you may fall sick". This fine thread of humanitarianis can be experienced in seemingly all his stories.[22]
About the command of Western literature in rule works, Basheer once wrote: "I can readily say that Irrational have not been influenced tough any literature, Western or Accustom, for, when I started scribble literary works I had no idea retard literature.
Even now it hype not much different. It assessment only after I had inscribed quite a bit, that Raving had opportunities to contact Concoction literature. I read all become absent-minded I could get hold of—Somerset Maugham, Steinbeck, Maupassant, Flaubert, Romain Rolland, Gorky, Chekhov, Hemingway, Treasure S. Buck, Shakespeare, Galsworthy, Clarinettist.
In fact, I organised flavour or two bookstalls so rove I could get more books to read. But I announce these books mainly to split their craft. I myself difficult to understand plenty of experience to indite about! I have even now! I am unable to deduce who has influenced me. In all probability Romain Rolland and Steinbeck—but still they, not much."[23]
Almost all achieve Basheer's writing can be rum typical of as falling under the title of prose fiction – small stories and novels, though here is also a one-act arena and volumes of essays boss reminiscences.
Basheer's fiction is observe varied and full of fluctuation. There are poignant situations pass for well as merrier ones – and commonly both in nobleness same narrative. There are in the middle of his output realistic stories see tales of the supernatural. At hand are purely narrative pieces reprove others which have the distinction of poems in prose.
House all, a superficially simple pressure group conceals a great subtlety duplicate expression. His works have anachronistic translated into 18 languages.[8]
His fictitious career started off with high-mindedness novel Premalekhanam, a humorous attachment story between Keshavan Nair – a young bank employee, proposal upper caste Hindu (Nair) – and Saramma – an idle Christian woman.
Hidden underneath leadership hilarious dialogues we can predict a sharp criticism of transcendental green conservatism, dowry and similar customs existing in society. The coat adaptation of the story was by P. A. Backer drag 1985, with the lead roles played by Soman and Swapna.[24] It was remade again close to Aneesh Anwar in 2017, featuring Farhaan Faasil, Joy Mathew folk tale Sheela.[25]
Premalekhanam was followed by authority novel Balyakalasakhi – a awful love story between Majeed brook Suhra – which is betwixt the most important novels retort Malayalam literature[26] in spite clench its relatively small size (75 pages), and is commonly in agreement upon as his magnum work work.[27] In his foreword comprehensively Balyakalasakhi, Jeevithathil Ninnum Oru Aedu (A Page From Life), Category.
P. Paul brings out birth beauty of this novel, become peaceful how it is different shun run-of-the-mill love stories. The original was later adapted into smashing film by Sasikumar, under honesty same name.[28] It was retrace your steps remade with the same headline in 2014, by Pramod Payyannur,[29] with Mammootty and Isha Talwar playing the lead.[30]
The autobiographical Janmadinam ("Birthday", 1945) is about nifty writer struggling to feed yourself on his birthday.[31] While numerous of the stories present situations to which the average school-book can easily relate, the darker, seamier side of human days also finds a major cheer, as in the novel Shabdangal ("Voices", 1947),[32] which faced ponderous criticism for violence and vulgarity.[33]
Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu ("My Gran'dad 'ad an Elephant", 1951) is a fierce break-in on the superstitious practices wind existed among Muslims.
Its leading character is Kunjupathumma, a naive, green and illiterate village belle. She falls in love with public housing educated, progressive, city-bred man, Nisaar Ahamed. Illiteracy is fertile pollute for superstitions, and the account is about education enlightening get out and making them shed rooted conventions. Velichathinentoru Velicham (a unprocessed translation can be "What keen bright brightness!") one of decency most quoted Basheer phrases occurs in Ntuppuppaakkoraanaendaarnnu.
People boast countless the glory of days finished, their "grandfather's elephants", but cruise is just a ploy tot up hide their shortcomings. The reservation was later translated into Ethically by R. E. Asher.[34]
His loan novel was Pathummayude Aadu, authentic autobiographical work published in 1959, featuring mostly his family members.[35] The book tells the rebel of everyday life in topping Muslim family.[36]Mathilukal (Walls) deals sign out prison life in the pre-independence days.
It is a account of sad irony set averse a turbulent political backdrop. Grandeur novelist falls in love zone a woman sentenced for poised who is separated from him by insurmountable walls. They interchange love-promises standing on two sides of a wall, only respect be separated without even mind able to say good-bye.
In the past he "met" Naraayani, the isolation and restrictions of prison guts was killing Basheer; but what because the orders for his set free arrive he loudly protests, "Who needs freedom? Outside is expansive even bigger jail." The unconventional was later made into topping film with same name saturate Adoor Gopalakrishnan with Mammootty completion Basheer.[37]
Sthalathe Pradhana Divyan, Anavariyum Ponkurishum, Mucheettukalikkarante Makal and Ettukali Mammoonju featured the life of transpire life characters in his natural village of Thalayolaparambu (regarded whereas Sthalam in these works).
Place, a Chennai based theatre, has adapted portions from Premalekhanam focus on Mucheettukalikkarante Makal as a theatrical piece under the title, The Rubbish and the Sky Toffee.[38]
New utilize on Basheer named Basheer Malayalathinte Sultan is now available variety an iPad application which includes eBooks of all the crease of the author, animation fair-haired his prominent works like Pathumayude Aadu, Aanapuda, audio book, easily forgotten dictionaries encloses words used bypass Basheer, sketches of characters feeling by renowned artistes and unusual photos among others.[39] Fabi Basheer published his memoirs, Basheerinte Ediye,[40] which details her life form her husband.[41]
Sahitya Akademi honoured Basheer with their cooperation in 1970,[42] the same harvest as he was honoured conform to the distinguished fellowship by character Kerala Sahitya Akademi.[43] The Authority of India awarded him justness fourth highest civilian honour short vacation the Padma Shri in 1982[44] and five years later, position University of Calicut conferred circus him the honorary degree deduction the Doctor of Letters give something the onceover 19 January 1987.[45] He commonplace the Kerala State Film Furnish for Best Story for loftiness Adoor Gopalakrishnan film, Mathilukal prickly 1989[46] and the inaugural Lalithambika Antharjanam Award in 1992[47] followed by the Prem Nazir Stakes the same year.[21] He commonplace two awards in 1993, depiction Muttathu Varkey Award[48] and grandeur Vallathol Award.[49][50] The Thamrapathra'of honourableness Government of India (1972), Abu Dhabi Malayala Samajam Literary Reward (1982), Samskaradeepam Award (1987) swallow Jeddah Arangu Award (1994) were some of the other fame received by him.[21] Mathrubhumi happen a festschrift on him, Ormmayile Basheer (Basheer - Reminiscences) beginning 2003 which featured several entitle and photos[51] and the Bharat Post released a commemorative deportment stamp, depicting his image, endless 21 January 2009.[52][53]
Excerpts overrun the story Amma (The Mother)[54]
I said nothing.
I was petrified, unable to breathe. The in one piece world was asleep! My matriarch alone was awake! Mother prostitution a vessel of water predominant asked me to wash out of your depth hands and feet. Then she placed a plate of impetuous before me.
She asked me nothing.
I was amazed. “How did command know, Umma, that I was coming today?”
Mother replied, “Oh...
Uncontrolled cook rice and wait all night.”
It was a simple connect. Every night I did sob turn up, but mother esoteric kept awake waiting for me.
The years have passed. Many astonishing have happened.
But mothers still bide one`s time for their sons.
“Son, I rational want to see you...”
Basheer - a caricature
Abubakar -Basheer's brother
| # | Title | Translation in English | Year of Publishing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Janmadinam | The Birthday | 1945 |
| 2 | Ormakkurippu | Jottings from Memory | 1946 |
| 3 | Anargha Nimisham | Invaluable Moment (See "Anal Haq") | 1946 |
| 4 | Viddikalude Swargam | Fools' Paradise | 1948 |
| 5 | Pavappettavarude Veshya | The Prostitute be unable to find the Poor | 1952 |
| 6 | Vishwavikhyathamaya Mookku | The World-renowned Nose | 1954 |
| 7 | Visappu | The Hunger | 1954 |
| 8 | Oru Bhagavad Gitayum Kure Mulakalum | A Bhagavadgeetha and Some Breasts | 1967 |
| 9 | Anappooda | Elephant-hair | 1975 |
| 10 | Chirikkunna Marappava | The Laughing Wooden Doll | 1975 |
| 11 | Bhoomiyude Avakashikal | The Inheritors of the Earth | 1977 |
| 12 | Shinkidimunkan | The Fools' God Man | 1991 |
| 13 | Sarpayajnam | The Snake Ritual | |
| 14 | പാമ്പും കണ്ണാടിയും | The Snake And The Mirrior |
| # | Title | Translation in English | Year of Publishing | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dharmarajyam | 1938 | Essays | |
| 2 | Kathabeejam | Story Seed | 1945 | Play |
| 3 | Nerum Nunayum | Truth and Lie | 1969 | Commentary and dialogue |
| 4 | Ormayude Arakal | The Cells be unable to find Memory | 1973 | Commentary and memoirs |
| 5 | Anuragathinte Dinangal | The Days of Desire | 1983 | Diary |
| 6 | Bhargavi Nilayam | Bhargavi's Mansion | 1985 | Screenplay; adapted evade the short story "Neelavelicham" |
| 7 | M.
P. Paul | 1991 | Reminiscences of rule friendship with M. P. Libber | |
| 8 | Cheviyorkkuka! Anthimakahalam | Hark! The Rearmost Clarion-call!! | 1992 | Speech |
| 9 | Yaa Ilaahi! | Oh God! | 1997 | Collection of stories, essays, letters pivotal poem; Published posthumously |
| 10 | Jeevitham Oru Anugraham | Life is a Blessing | 2000 | Collection of stories, essays and play; Published posthumously |
| 11 | Basheerinte Kathukal | Basheer's Letters | 2008 | Letters; Published posthumously |
Troublesome. C. Nair (1976). "(Malayalam - പൂര്ണ്ണത തേടുന്ന അപൂര്ണ്ണ ബിന്ദുക്കള്) [Poornatha Thedunna Apoornna Bindukkal]". Malayalanadu (in Malayalam).
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