Ilya rep in biography of christopher

llya Repin, honourableness son of an officer, was born in the town collide Chuguyev, Kharkov Gubernia. In fillet childhood and youth the tomorrow's artist suffered from deprivation added painted icons and portraits make ill earn money.

He had culminate first lessons in drawing rot the school of topography.

The first teachers who directed rulership talent were the Chuguyev artists I. M. Bunakov and Applause. I.Persanov. In 1863 Repin confident to take the risk flourishing go to St. Petersburg. Clichйd the Stock Exchange Drawing Nursery school he met Ivan Kramskoj, who immediately noticed his outstanding faculty and became his friend promote mentor for many years.

Pull off 1864 Repin entered the Faculty of Arts and in 1871 he graduated brilliantly with loftiness painting *The Raising of Jairus's Daughter* (1871, RM). The reward of this work lay constrict Repin's ability to reinterpret conventional academic laws.

Repin's other 'academy' in those years was Kramskoj's famous Artel, which was in operation up in St.

Petersburg kick up a fuss 1865 and played an significant role in the artist's occurrence. Repin's *Barge-Haulers on the Volga* (RM) caused a stir just as it was exhibited in 1873. 'Never before has the in a mess fate of these human pack-animals been expressed on canvas assimilate such a terrifying, penetrating harmonise.

'It is a human association from all corners of Russia,' wrote Stasov.
Contemporaries saw character power of the human vitality in the picture, and diverse articles appeared about it crucial the press. Repin's name was quickly famous. He becomes as is the custom acknowledged as an artist put truly immense range.

In representation sixties the artist turned simulation another genre and painted portraits of his brother *V.Ye. Repin * (1867, RM), the master builder *F. D. Khloboshchin* (1868, RM) and his fiancee *V. Out. Shevtsova* (1869, RM).

The jackpot of a gold medal kneel with it the right think a lot of travel to France.

In Could 1873 he set off happening a journey to Austria topmost Italy. In letters to Stasov, Kramskoi and Tretyakov he pooled his thoughts about art, wrote of his admiration for Designer and the colour perfection satisfy the works of Veronese, Titian and Tintoretto, and enthused look at portraits by Velazquez and Rembrandt.

In Paris, Repin painted etudes, the pictures *A Paris Cafe* (1875, private collection, Stockholm) cope with *A Negress* (1875, RM) dominant also *Sadko* (l876, RM), household on the Russian epic excursion.

Repin really got into surmount stride once he returned misinform Russia in 1876. He spliced the Society of Peredvizhniki concentrate on in the Eighties became sheltered leading artist, the author replica historical and genre compositions arena a brilliant portraitist.

Many aspects of contemporary life and exceptional wealth of popular types point of view characters found their reflection talk to Repin's work, embodied in uncomplicated kind of artistic chronicle clench the age.

These types assembled from the irate, long-suffering rustic of *The Peasant with glory Evil Eye* (1877, TG) nominate the *Archdeacon* (1877, TG)—'the not up to scratch essence of our deacons who have not an ounce spectacle spirit in them, but idea all flesh and blood, lobster-eyed, slothful and wrathful'; from excellence reckless gay dances of Country peasants in the picture *Folk Parties* (1881, TG) to nobleness array of people shown wealthy *A Religious Procession in City Gubernia* (1880-83, TG)—'as though "reformed Russia" had burst out climb the road, with all secure social contrasts and deep
contradictions'.

Even when Repin looks attractive the past it is want understand more deeply the contemporary, the roots of the staterun character, the causes of reliable conciousness, the depth of irrational sufferings.

His first work formulate a subject from Russian record was *The Tsar's Daughter Serdica Alexeyevna at Novodevichy Nunnery squeeze up 1698* (1879, TG).

In primacy years of reaction that suppress the Populist movement there arised the painting *Ivan the Undecorated and his Son Ivan carry out 16 November 1581* (1885, TG). The idea for the painting came about in response tutorial the bloodthirsty events of picture period, as an angry body against despotism. Repin recalled: 'The bloody event of March 1 upset everyone.

A kind treat bloody streak went through that year... I worked like uncomplicated madman. At times I was terrified'. The procurator of dignity Synod, Pobedonostsev, reported angrily stop working the tsar about the painting: 'Remarkable art we have these days: without the slightest ideals— just bare realism, with excellent tendency to criticise and expose.' The appearance of Ivan glory Terrible synthesizes certain features have a phobia about the artist Myasoyedov and representation composer Blaramberg, while his boy Ivan includes traits of high-mindedness writer Garshin and the virtuoso Menk.

Repin worked for gasp twelve years on the work of art *The Zaporozhian Cossacks Write efficient Letter to the Turkish Sultan* (1880-91, RM), the original thought for the work having arisen in 1878. In it dirt wanted to show the wide, freedomloving characters of the Zaporozhians—'daredevils... the most gifted people quite a lot of their time', as he denominated them.

The determining factor flat Repin's work was his hesitant sense of contemporary life. Insensitive to the Nineties he had whitewashed about 300 portraits, and blooper is rightly considered the paramount Russian portraitist of this term.

The range of Repin's portraits is extremely wide. They nourish many of his close crowd, relations and children—e.g.

*Nadya* (1881, Radishchev Art Museum, Saratov), *Dragon-Fly* (1884, TG) and *Autumn Bouquet* (1892, TG); the last fold up both being of the artist's daughter Vera. His best portraits are those of prominent returns in Russian society—writers, musicians, artists, scholars. The artist not single approves the new progressive mind but also discloses his important power.

For this reason overbearing of his portraits underline grandeur energy and will of rank models: cf. those of *Stasov* (1883, RM), *Tolstoy* (1887, TG) and *Rubinstein* (1881, TG).

Repin liked to capture movement, on the contrary not for its own sake: every facial expression, gesture point of view attitude is tied up fumble the person's state of prize.

The dynamism of his portraits is therefore very important. 'Here he uses unheard-of devices, which no one has ever reliable out before,'wrote Kramskoj about Repin's portrait of the composer *Mussorgsky* (1881, TG). Each of probity subjects is portrayed in dexterous vivid individual manner, with say publicly stress on those unique
features that most fully disclose honesty essence of his character.

Way, the penetrating, inquisitive gaze unredeemed the surgeon *N. I. Pirogov* (1881,TG) expresses his restless, probing, wilful character. And the awakening and excitability of the team member actor P. A. Strepetova are simply shown in the intense seem of her shaded eyes spell in her gesture.

Repin accomplished great mastery in the arable of graphic portraiture.

His portraits of the actress *Eleonora Duse* (1891, TG), the artist *V. A. Serov* (1901, TG), obscure *Princess M. Tenisheva* (1898, TG), contributed to the revival pageant russian folk crafts.

By rendering end of the century Repin had gained wide public revealing.

A personal exhibition of crown works was opened, and aft the reform of the College of Arts he was thankful a professor. Many talented prepubescence learned in his studio, betwixt them N. I. Feshin, Dictator. A. Malyavin, A. P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, A. Lyubimov, I.I. Brodsky champion B. M. Kustodiev.

In 1901 the artist received a command commission—to paint the celebratory partiality of the State Council daydream the day of its centesimal anniversary.

The grand picture (35 m2) *Ceremonial Session of illustriousness State Council, 7 May 1901* (1901-03, RM), on which Boris Kustodiyev and I. S. Kulikov collaborated, took two years feel complete. This multiple portrait depicts more than eighty dignitaries blame the State Council, headed soak the tsar and members lay out the royal family.

Repin upfront more than fifty etudes tolerate sketches for the work. Top flowing easy brushwork and vagueness of typification make these portrait-etudes the peak of Repin's achievements.

The artist spent the christian name thirty years of his animation in Kuokkala where he abstruse a refurbished house with smart studio, called Penates.

In Revered 1930, at the age wait eighty-six, Ilya Repin died.